The mechanically agitated micro-fine particle flotation machine, via constraining the mineralization space and creating a strong turbulent environment, enhances micro-fine particle flotation. Nevertheless, research on its dynamics is limited, and the fluid dynamic characteristics within the flotation machine remain unclear, necessitating further investigation into its flow field features. This study aims to explore the dynamic processes of the mechanically agitated micro-fine particle flotation machine through multiphase flow experiments and CFD simulations, with validation via flotation ore-bearing experiments. A test system for the multi-layer rotor-stator structured mechanically agitated micro-fine particle flotation machine was established for multiphase flow testing to examine the air dispersion performance of the flotation machine. CFD simulations were used to model the internal flow field characteristics of the flotation machine. The practical application effectiveness of the micro-fine particle flotation machine was verified through flotation ore-bearing experiments. The study revealed that the mechanically agitated micro-fine particle flotation machine achieves concentrated energy release through the constraining effect of the inner tank. The average turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the rotor-stator area reached 120 m2/s3, over five times higher than that of conventional flotation machines. Compared to traditional flotation machines, the cumulative flotation recovery rate increased by 28%, and the flotation rate was 1.3 times that of the KYF flotation machine, demonstrating stronger selectivity for micro-fine particle minerals and providing theoretical guidance for the development of micro-fine particle flotation machines.