Abstract:froth flotation and wastewater treatment，however，hydrodynamic or acoustic cavitation is the most popular method to produce nanobubbles on a large scale. The nanobubble-enhanced flotation mechanisms primarily involve three synergistic effects：enhancement of mineral hydrophobicity through increased macroscopic contact angles，thereby strengthening particle-bubble adhesion forces；the presence of nanobubbles，particularly surface nanobubbles， significantly increases the macroscopic contact angle of minerals，directly strengthening particle-bubble adhesion forces critical for fine particle capture；promotion of capillary-driven agglomeration of hydrophobic ultrafine particles， improving separation efficiency between target minerals and gangue. Industrial-scale tests have revealed significant performance improvements. In coal flotation，the application of NBs achieved 24%-50% higher combustible recovery while reducing frother dosage by 30%-50%. NBs also mitigated clay slime coating and shortened flotation time. For sulfide flotation，nanobubbles increased chalcopyrite flotation recovery by 20%. For oxide mineral flotation the introduction of nanobubbles improved rutile flotation kinetics by 25% with reduced reagent consumption and enhanced hematite reverse flotation recovery by 16% with accelerated kinetics. Furthermore，nanobubble technology shows promising applications in solid waste resource recovery. It increased unburned carbon recovery in fly ash flotation by 10% while reducing LOI in tailings by 3. 5% and significantly. It also enhanced combustible recovery from 79. 84% to 92. 91% in flotation of coal gasification slag via ultrasonic-cavitation pretreatment，demonstrating substantial potential in resource recovery from waste streams. This innovative flotation approach provides an economically viable and environmentally sustainable solution for ultrafine mineral separation，with the potential to substantially improve mineral processing economics through 30%-50% reduction in flotation reagent consumption and 15%-50% improvement in mineral recovery compared to conventional flotation methods.