Abstract:With the gradual depletion of high-grade ores and the continuously growing industrial demand for metals，the efficient flotation recovery of fine-grained minerals has become increasingly critical. Fine-grained minerals are characterized by small particle size，large specific surface area，and high surface energy. The low kinetic energy of fine particles in flotation pulp prevents them from overcoming the energy barrier between minerals and air bubbles，resulting in poor particle-bubble adhesion and low flotation recovery. Meanwhile，the large specific surface area and high surface energy lead to increased reagent consumption and often promote aggregation，coating， and entrainment between target and gangue minerals. These intense interparticle interactions severely compromise flotation selectivity，making separation inefficient and challenging. Effectively recovering valuable minerals from fine-grained resources has thus emerged as a core problem and key research focus in mineral processing. This review comprehensively examines interparticle interactions in flotation systems from four perspectives：fundamental theories，research techniques，dominant forces in aggregation/dispersion，and froth entrainment. Employing the classical and extended DLVO theories as the core theoretical framework，we integrate multiple characterization methods to elucidate the intrinsic driving forces behind particle aggregation and dispersion behavior，including atomic force microscopy with colloidal probe force measurements，Zeta potential analysis，contact angle determination， particle size distribution analysis，and optical microscopy. This approach combines quantitative and qualitative insights from both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions，aiming to reveal the selective regulation principles of interparticle interactions in flotation systems. This work provides an effective theoretical foundation and practical strategies for the efficient separation and recovery of fine-grained mineral resources.