Abstract:The resource endowment of fine-grained iron ores in China exhibits significant complexity， prominently characterized by three core features：low grade，fine-grained dissemination，and complex mineral composition. These inherent characteristics directly give rise to dual challenges during the beneficiation process：A sharp increase in energy consumption required for fine grinding operations and the persistent issue of poor separation efficiency. In response to these challenges，the industry has made multiple important technological breakthroughs in both grinding and separation technologies，gradually forming a systematic solution path that addresses the entire process. In terms of grinding technology，notable progress is primarily reflected in the innovative application of advanced pretreatment techniques and the adoption of new-generation equipment. During the critical pretreatment stage，cutting-edge physical field technologies such as microwave irradiation and magnetic pulse treatment are strategically employed. These technologies effectively induce interface thermal cracks and alternating stress fractures within the mineral structure，which significantly improves the mineral liberation effect in subsequent grinding processes. This enhancement not only optimizes the grinding efficiency but also lays a solid foundation for reducing overall energy consumption in the grinding stage. Furthermore，new-type grinding equipment including E-sand mills，VRM，and VPM mills have been developed with innovative structural designs that integrate multiple grinding chambers into a single cavity. This design allows for initial classification of minerals，after which targeted processing is conducted in corresponding grinding chambers，thereby effectively enhancing the efficiency of fine grinding operations. In the crucial field of separation technology，both physical beneficiation methods and flotation processes have undergone substantial optimization and improvement. As the particle size of iron ore decreases，water viscous drag gradually becomes the dominant factor influencing particle movement behavior. To counteract this，technological measures have been implemented to strengthen various sorting forces such as gravity and magnetic force，thereby enhancing the overall separation effect. Meanwhile，specialized equipment like the Reflux Classifier has been introduced，which adopts a more static separation environment. This design effectively reduces the entrainment of fine-grained gangue by water flow，ultimately improving the precision of mineral separation. Fine-grained flotation processes specifically face two major bottlenecks：a low particle-bubble collision rate and the unwanted entrainment of gangue in the foam layer. Currently，significant progress has been made in addressing these issues through the application of nanobubble technology and the implementation of precise regulation of foam stability，both of which contribute to improving flotation efficiency. Additionally，another effective approach involves increasing the apparent particle size of fine-grained iron ore through selective flocculation. After this treatment， combined with traditional methods such as flotation，magnetic separation，and gravity sedimentation，the separation effect between iron ore and gangue can be further enhanced. In conclusion，the construction and implementation of a comprehensive full-process technical system encompassing “pre-grinding-grinding-separation” can significantly improve the utilization rate of fine-grained iron ore resources. This integrated technological system not only provides robust technical support for the efficient development of complex iron ore deposits but also holds crucial strategic value for safeguarding national resource security in the long term.